Needs Chain Model, Literature review Page 11 "Training needs assessment on architecture technology"

Needs Chain Model

A needs chain model is composed of aligned horizontal and virtual processes in which there are four different kinds of needs that describe and identify the ultimate performance goal, solutions, and what might affect these solutions. These needs include

• Performance need: A state of existence or level of performance required for satisfactory functioning.
• Instrumental need: An intervention, product, or substance that is required to obtain a satisfactory level of functioning in a particular context.
• Conscious need: Need that are known to those who have them.
• Unconscious need: Need that is unknown to those who have them.
• 
  

Also, it has four vertical factors that consider

• Organizational need: Needs that usually pertain to behavior or tangible outcomes, such as market share or sales target
• Individual needs: Needs that usually pertain to the individual’s attitudes about the organization or himself, such as job satisfaction.
• Causes
• Level of objectivity for all needs: The objectivity level requires all needs to have a certain level of objectivity and to be based on deep investigation or further analysis

The Needs Chain Model provides tools that assist organizations in prioritizing resources and identifying areas that require improvement. Figure 1 identifies four main types of need that must be considered, for example, for determining the organization’s goals and the instrument needs with full understanding of the unconscious needs while a different factor determines the objectivity level.

Fig: 1

	Instrument needs	Unconscious needs	Conscious needs	Performance needs
Organization level	Training/workshop	Work consistency/tasks clarity/management transparency	Learning	Market share/sales revenue
Individual level	Real applications	Job satisfaction/Recognition/Job security/Motivation	Knowledge or skills (English speaking skills)	Sales target/performing task effectively
Objectivity level	Must be high objective	Must be high objective	Must be high objective	Must be high objective